syntax across languages per category

Strings

char[] C

char const[] C++

string C#, C++, F#, Maple, OCaml, Pascal, Pike, SML, YCP

string! Rebol

String Ada, C#, Haskell, Java, JavaScript, merd, Ruby, Smalltalk, Visual Basic

STRING Eiffel

str Python, YAML

Str Perl6, Pliant

NSString * Objective-C

CHAR, VARCHAR(size) SQL92

Sequence Io

character type name

char C, C#, C++, F#, OCaml, SML

char! Rebol

Char Haskell, merd, Perl6

Character Ada, Smalltalk

CHARACTER Eiffel

character "z"

'z' Ada, B, C, C#, C++, Classic REXX, E, Eiffel, F#, Haskell, Matlab, OCaml, Pascal, Pike

"z" BourneShell, Classic REXX, Maple, merd

"z Logo

$z Smalltalk

#\z Common Lisp, Scheme

#"z" Rebol, SML

&z Oz

?z Emacs Lisp, Ruby

strings

with no interpolation of variables

'...' Beta, BourneShell, Classic REXX, CSS, FishShell, JavaScript, Lua, Matlab, Pascal, Perl, Perl6, PHP, Prolog, Python, Ruby, Smalltalk, SQL92, XPath, YAML

"..." Ada, Awk, C, C#, C++, Classic REXX, Common Lisp, CSS, Dylan, E, Eiffel, Emacs Lisp, F#, FL, Haskell, Io, Java, JavaScript, Lua, Maple, Mathematica, Modula-3, MUMPS, OCaml, Oz, Pike, Pliant, Prolog, Python, Rebol, Scheme, SML, XPath, YAML, YCP

"... Logo

'''...''' Python

"""...""" Io, Python

[[ ... ]] Lua

<<'MARK' ... MARK BourneShell, Perl, Ruby

{...{...}...} Tcl

(...) PostScript

q(...(...)...), q[...], q{...}, q<...>, q/.../ Perl, Perl6

%q(...(...)...), %q[...], %q{...}, %q<...>, %q/.../ Ruby

q(...(...)...) merd

@"...""..." C#

@"..." Objective-C

with interpolation of variables

...(1) Tcl

"... $v ..." BourneShell, FishShell, Perl, Perl6, PHP, Tcl

"... {v} ..." merd

"... #{v} ..." "... #$v ..." "... #@v ..." "... #@@v ..." Ruby

<<MARK ... $v ... MARK BourneShell, Perl

<<MARK ... #{v} ... MARK Ruby

<<<MARK ... $v ... MARK PHP

[ subst {...{... $v ...}...} ] Tcl

qq(...(... $v ...)...), qq[...], qq{...}, qq<...>, qq/.../ Perl, Perl6

%Q(...(... #{v} ...)...), %Q[...], %Q{...}, %Q<...>, %Q/.../ Ruby

qq(...(... {v} ...)...) merd

"... #{v} ..." interpolate Io

"... %(v)s ..." % vars() Python

end-of-line (without writing the real CR or LF character)

\n Tcl

"\n" C, C#, C++, FishShell, Haskell, Io, Java, JavaScript, Lua, Maple, Mathematica, OCaml, Perl, Perl6, Pike, Python, Ruby, YCP, Yorick

"*n" B, BCPL

"%N" Eiffel

"^/" Rebol

"~%"(2) Common Lisp

"[lf]" Pliant

vb_nl Visual Basic

<N>(3) Smalltalk

multi-line

all strings allow multi-line strings Common Lisp, E, Emacs Lisp, F#, FishShell, Io, Maple, Mathematica, OCaml, Pascal, Perl, Perl6, Ruby, Scheme, Smalltalk, YCP

"...", {...} Tcl

@"..." C#

'''...''', """...""" Python

[[ ... ]] Lua

{...} Rebol

"...\n" "...\n" C

... "...\n\ \...\n" Haskell

"...", "..." Classic REXX

"...%N% %...%N" Eiffel

convert something to a string (see also string interpolation)

show Haskell

to_s, to_str, inspect, String() Ruby

to_string merd, Pliant

tostring Lua, YCP

toString Java, JavaScript

ToString C#, F#, Mathematica

String JavaScript

perl Perl6

Dumper Perl

"" . e Perl

"" ~ e Perl6

"" + e E, Java, JavaScript

string Pliant

str, `e`, repr Python

out Eiffel

cvs PostScript

'Image Ada

asString Io, Smalltalk

printString Smalltalk

as(<string>, e) Dylan

(string) e Pike

convert(e,string) Maple

(coerce e 'string) Common Lisp

prin1-to-string Emacs Lisp

to string! / to-string / to "" Rebol

description Objective-C

pr1 Yorick

serialize (marshalling)

export-clixml MSH

serialize Io, PHP

Marshal.to_string OCaml

Marshal.dump Ruby

Data.Binary.encode Haskell

BinaryFormatter.Serialize F#

storeBinaryOn Smalltalk

Storable::store Perl

pickle.dump(4) Python

(with-standard-io-syntax (write obj stream)) Common Lisp

unserialize (un-marshalling)

import-clixml MSH

unserialize PHP

Marshal.from_string OCaml

Marshal.load Ruby

Data.Binary.decode Haskell

BinaryFormatter.Deserialize F#

readBinaryFrom Smalltalk

pickle.load Python

(with-standard-io-syntax (read obj stream)) Common Lisp

Storable::store Perl

doString Io

sprintf-like

sprintf Awk, C, C++, F#, Maple, Matlab, merd, OCaml, Perl, Perl6, PHP, Pike, Ruby

printf Haskell

% Python, Ruby

format Java, Lua, Tcl

format(5) Common Lisp, Erlang, Scheme-SRFI28

Format C#, F#

putFormat Beta

stringWithFormat Objective-C

expandMacrosWith(5) Smalltalk

Storable::retrieve Perl

simple print

on strings

puts C, Dylan

print Awk, Basic, Java, Maple, merd, PHP, SML

write JavaScript, Pascal, Pike, Yorick

putStr Haskell

print_string F#, OCaml

console Pliant

writeln JavaScript, Pascal

write-string Common Lisp

putStrLn Haskell

Put_Line Ada

display Cobol

message Emacs Lisp

put_string Eiffel

show Smalltalk

print_endline(6) OCaml

println(6) Java, merd

put_chars Erlang

echo(7) BourneShell, FishShell, PHP

emit Forth

putText Beta

say Classic REXX

on simple objects

print Perl, Perl6

say(6) Perl6

puts(6) Tcl

puts -nonewline Tcl

on any objects

print Io, Logo, Lua, Ruby

print(6) Dylan, Haskell, Python, Rebol

Print Mathematica

print e, Python

println(6) Io

prin Rebol

Put Ada

p(6) Ruby

puts(8) Ruby

display Scheme

write Common Lisp, Io, Prolog, Scheme

writeln(6) Io

print Common Lisp

printOn Smalltalk

princ prin1 Common Lisp, Emacs Lisp

print_any F#

WriteLine C#, F#

nothing - just remove ";" at the end of the expression, and it will print it Matlab

disp Matlab

printf-like

printf Awk, C, C++, F#, Haskell, KornShell, Maple, Matlab, merd, OCaml, Perl, PHP, Ruby

write Pike

WriteLine C#

putFormat Beta

format(5) Common Lisp, Prolog

string equality & inequality

eq ne Perl, Perl6, Tcl

strcmp C, Matlab

== != JavaScript, Pike

== ~= Lua

= \= Prolog

isEqualToString(9) Objective-C

== != Awk, C#, C++, E, Io, merd, Python, Ruby, YCP

== <> Python

== /= Haskell

== \= Oz

= != BourneShell, FishShell, Maple, XPath

= /= Ada

= \= Classic REXX

= <> Beta, F#, OCaml, Pliant, SML, Visual Basic

= ~= Dylan, Smalltalk

== \== or = <> \= Classic REXX

=== =!= / == !=(10) Mathematica

== ~= Matlab

equal? Ruby, Scheme

equals Java

equal, equalp Common Lisp

is_equal Eiffel

isEqual Objective-C

string size

length Awk, Beta, C++, Common Lisp, Eiffel, F#, Haskell, Java, JavaScript, Maple, Matlab, Objective-C, OCaml, Perl, PostScript, Prolog, Ruby

LENGTH Classic REXX

'Length Ada

length? Rebol

size C++, E, Io, Ruby, Smalltalk, SML, YCP

Length C#, F#, Modula-3, Oz, Pascal

len Pliant, Python, Visual Basic

strlen C, PHP

string length Tcl

string-length Scheme, XPath

StringLength Mathematica

sizeof Pike

count Eiffel, Logo

bytes chars Perl6

CHARACTER_LENGTH SQL92

atom_length Prolog

wc -c FishShell

# Lua

string concatenation

+ C#, C++, E, Eiffel, F#, Java, JavaScript, merd, MSH, Pascal, Pike, Pliant, Python, Ruby, YCP

. Perl, PHP

.. Io, Lua

, Smalltalk

~ Perl6

& Ada, Modula-3, Visual Basic

^ F#, OCaml, SML

_ MUMPS

|| Cecil, Classic REXX, Icon, Maple, PL/I, SQL92

++ Haskell

$a$b BourneShell, FishShell, Tcl

concatenate Common Lisp, Dylan

string-append Scheme

StringJoin Mathematica

cat Maple

Cat Modula-3

strcat C

concat XPath

append Beta, Prolog, Rebol

stringByAppendingString Objective-C

Awk, Classic REXX

[string1 string2] Matlab

word Logo

duplicate n times

* Ada, E, Pike, Python, Ruby

x Perl, Perl6

times merd

repeat Pliant

repeated Io

str_repeat PHP

string repeat Tcl

strrep Lua

repmat Matlab

insert/dup Rebol

COPIES Classic REXX

cat(s$n) Maple

concat $ replicate Haskell

upper / lower case character

upcase / downcase Emacs Lisp, Ruby

uc / lc Perl, Perl6

upper / lower(11) Lua, Matlab, Pliant, Python

toUpper / toLower Haskell

to_upper / to_lower Eiffel

To_Upper / To_Lower Ada

toUpperCase / toLowerCase E, Java, JavaScript

upper_case / lower_case Pike

uppercase / lowercase F#, Logo, OCaml

strupper / strlower Lua

ToUpper / ToLower C#, F#, Oz

toupper / tolower Awk, C, C++

string toupper / string tolower Tcl

asLowercase / asUppercase Io, Smalltalk

upCase / lowCase Beta

uppercase form / lowercase form Rebol

char-upcase / char-downcase Common Lisp, Scheme

char_type(C_, to_upper(C)), char_type(C_, to_lower(C)) Prolog

uppercase / lowercase / capitalized string

upcase / downcase Emacs Lisp, Ruby

upper / lower Matlab, SQL92

upper / lower / capitalize Python

uppercase/lowercase F#, Logo, OCaml, Rebol

upcase_atom/downcase_atom Prolog

toUpperCase / toLowerCase E, Java, JavaScript

ToUpperCase / ToLowerCase Mathematica

ToUpper / ToLower C#, F#

to_upper / to_lower Ada, Eiffel

toupper / tolower Awk, YCP

uc / lc Perl, Perl6

UpperCase / LowerCase Pascal

StringTools[UpperCase] / StringTools[LowerCase] / StringTools[Capitalize] Maple

uppercaseString / lowercaseString / capitalizedString Objective-C

UCase / LCase Visual Basic

strtoupper / strtolower PHP, Yorick

strupper / strlower Lua

string toupper / string tolower / string totitle Tcl

string-upcase / string-downcase Common Lisp, Scheme

asLowercase / asUppercase / asUppercaseFirst Smalltalk

asLowercase / asUppercase / makeFirstCharacterUppercase Io

upcase_atom / downcase_atom Prolog

makeLC / makeUC Beta

parse upper var in_var out_var / parse lower var in_var out_var Classic REXX

ascii to character

chr F#, Haskell, OCaml, Pascal, Perl, Perl6, PHP, Python, Ruby, SML

chr$ Visual Basic

char Matlab

format %c $c Tcl

toChar E

strchar Lua

from_integer Eiffel

fromCharCode JavaScript

FromCharacterCode Mathematica

character Pliant

Character value: c Smalltalk

asCharacter Io

code-char Common Lisp

integer->char Scheme

'Val Ada

(char) c C, C#, C++, Java

to char! / to-char Rebol

X2C, D2C Classic REXX

$CHAR(s) MUMPS

char_code Prolog

ascii Logo

StringTools[Char] Maple

character to ascii

ord F#, Haskell, Pascal, Perl, Perl6, PHP, Python, SML

asc Visual Basic

getNumericValue Java

charCodeAt JavaScript

asciiValue Smalltalk

code Eiffel, OCaml

char-code Common Lisp

char->integer Scheme

s[0] Ruby

s 0 get PostScript

s at(0) Io

scan $s %c Tcl

strbyte Lua

toInteger E

'Pos Ada

number Pliant

(int) c C, C#, C++, Java

to integer! / to-integer Rebol

ToCharacterCode Mathematica

C2X, C2D Classic REXX

$ASCII(s) MUMPS

(done automatically when applying mathematical operations on char, such as +) Matlab

char Logo

char_code Prolog

StringTools[Ord] Maple

accessing n-th character

s[n] C, C#, C++, E, Maple, PHP, Pike, Python, Ruby

s(n) Ada, Matlab

s:n Pliant

s.[n] F#, OCaml

s !! n Haskell

s @ n Eiffel

s/:n Rebol

string index s n Tcl

sub SML

char, aref, schar, svref Common Lisp

GetChar Modula-3

s at(n) Io

at(12) C++, Smalltalk

aref Common Lisp

char(s, i) B

charAt Java, JavaScript

characterAtIndex Objective-C

n -> s.inxGet Beta

string-ref Scheme

StringTake[s, {n}] Mathematica

$EXTRACT(s, n) MUMPS

item Logo

extract a substring

s[n..m] Maple, Pike, Ruby

s.[n..m] F#

s(n..m) Ada

s(n:m) Matlab

s(n,m+1) E

s[n:m+1] Python

s[n,len] Ruby

s n len Pliant

strndup(s + n, len) C

substring Eiffel, Java, Scheme, SML, XPath, YCP

Substring C#

substr C++, Perl, Perl6, PHP

SUBSTR Classic REXX

sub F#, Lua, OCaml

SUB Modula-3

subseq Common Lisp

slice Io, JavaScript

mid$ JavaScript

string range Tcl

StringTake[s, {n, m}] Mathematica

strpart(s, n, m) Yorick

copy/part at s n len Rebol

copy/part at s n at s m Rebol

s copyFrom: n to: m Smalltalk

(n,m)->s.sub Beta

[s substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(n, len)] Objective-C

SUBSTRING(s FROM n len) SQL92

$EXTRACT(s, n, m) MUMPS

sub_string / sub_atom Prolog

(take len . drop n) s Haskell

locate a substring

index Ada, Perl, Perl6, Python, Ruby

indexOf Java, JavaScript

IndexOf C#, F#

indexOfString Smalltalk

startOf E

search Common Lisp, Pike, PostScript

StringTools[Search] Maple

StringPosition Mathematica

strstr strchr C

find C++, Logo, Lua, Python, Rebol, YCP

findSeq Io

findSubstring Haskell

strfind Matlab, Yorick

$FIND MUMPS

index_non_blank / find_token Ada

substring_index Eiffel

rangeOfString Objective-C

POS Classic REXX

POSITION(needle IN s) SQL92

sub_string / sub_atom Prolog

string first Tcl

locate a substring (starting at the end)

rindex OCaml, Perl, Perl6, Python, Ruby

rfind C++, Python

find/last Rebol

strrchr C

index(Going => Backward) Ada

lastStartOf E

lastIndexOf Java, JavaScript

last_index_of(13) Eiffel

LastIndexOf C#, F#

lastIndexOfString Smalltalk

string last Tcl

(search substring string :from-end t) Common Lisp

[string rangeOfString:substring options:NSBackwardsSearch] Objective-C

LASTPOS Classic REXX

t=strfind(s,p), t(end) Matlab

StringTools[SearchAll](s,p)[-1] Maple

Remarks

(1) no spaces
(2) when using format
(3) need expandMacros
(4) see also cPickle
(5) but not using the C-like %-syntax
(6) adding an end-of-line
(7) in BourneShell, adding an end-of-line
(8) adding an end-of-line unless already newline-terminated
(9) faster than isEqual
(10) structural / mathematical
(11) in Lua >= 5.0
(12) in C++, is range-checked whereas a[i] is not
(13) ESI dialect

Pixel

This document is licensed under GFDL (GNU Free Documentation License).
Generated from syntax-across-languages.html.pl
$Id: syntax-across-languages.html.pl 406 2008-04-18 12:02:11Z pixel $

`char[]`	C
`char const[]`	C++
`string`	C#, C++, F#, Maple, OCaml, Pascal, Pike, SML, YCP
`string!`	Rebol
`String`	Ada, C#, Haskell, Java, JavaScript, merd, Ruby, Smalltalk, Visual Basic
`STRING`	Eiffel
`str`	Python, YAML
`Str`	Perl6, Pliant
`NSString *`	Objective-C
`CHAR, VARCHAR(size)`	SQL92
`Sequence`	Io

`char`	C, C#, C++, F#, OCaml, SML
`char!`	Rebol
`Char`	Haskell, merd, Perl6
`Character`	Ada, Smalltalk
`CHARACTER`	Eiffel

`'z'`	Ada, B, C, C#, C++, Classic REXX, E, Eiffel, F#, Haskell, Matlab, OCaml, Pascal, Pike
`"z"`	BourneShell, Classic REXX, Maple, merd
`"z`	Logo
`$z`	Smalltalk
`#\z`	Common Lisp, Scheme
`#"z"`	Rebol, SML
`&z`	Oz
`?z`	Emacs Lisp, Ruby

`'...'`	Beta, BourneShell, Classic REXX, CSS, FishShell, JavaScript, Lua, Matlab, Pascal, Perl, Perl6, PHP, Prolog, Python, Ruby, Smalltalk, SQL92, XPath, YAML
`"..."`	Ada, Awk, C, C#, C++, Classic REXX, Common Lisp, CSS, Dylan, E, Eiffel, Emacs Lisp, F#, FL, Haskell, Io, Java, JavaScript, Lua, Maple, Mathematica, Modula-3, MUMPS, OCaml, Oz, Pike, Pliant, Prolog, Python, Rebol, Scheme, SML, XPath, YAML, YCP
`"...`	Logo
`'''...'''`	Python
`"""..."""`	Io, Python
`[[ ... ]]`	Lua
`<<'MARK' ... MARK`	BourneShell, Perl, Ruby
`{...{...}...}`	Tcl
`(...)`	PostScript
`q(...(...)...), q[...], q{...}, q<...>, q/.../`	Perl, Perl6
`%q(...(...)...), %q[...], %q{...}, %q<...>, %q/.../`	Ruby
`q(...(...)...)`	merd
`@"...""..."`	C#
`@"..."`	Objective-C

`...(1)`	Tcl
`"... $v ..."`	BourneShell, FishShell, Perl, Perl6, PHP, Tcl
`"... {v} ..."`	merd
`"... #{v} ..." "... #$v ..." "... #@v ..." "... #@@v ..."`	Ruby
`<<MARK ... $v ... MARK`	BourneShell, Perl
`<<MARK ... #{v} ... MARK`	Ruby
`<<<MARK ... $v ... MARK`	PHP
`[ subst {...{... $v ...}...} ]`	Tcl
`qq(...(... $v ...)...), qq[...], qq{...}, qq<...>, qq/.../`	Perl, Perl6
`%Q(...(... #{v} ...)...), %Q[...], %Q{...}, %Q<...>, %Q/.../`	Ruby
`qq(...(... {v} ...)...)`	merd
`"... #{v} ..." interpolate`	Io
`"... %(v)s ..." % vars()`	Python

`\n`	Tcl
`"\n"`	C, C#, C++, FishShell, Haskell, Io, Java, JavaScript, Lua, Maple, Mathematica, OCaml, Perl, Perl6, Pike, Python, Ruby, YCP, Yorick
`"*n"`	B, BCPL
`"%N"`	Eiffel
`"^/"`	Rebol
`"~%"(2)`	Common Lisp
`"[lf]"`	Pliant
`vb_nl`	Visual Basic
`<N>(3)`	Smalltalk

`all strings allow multi-line strings`	Common Lisp, E, Emacs Lisp, F#, FishShell, Io, Maple, Mathematica, OCaml, Pascal, Perl, Perl6, Ruby, Scheme, Smalltalk, YCP
`"...", {...}`	Tcl
`@"..."`	C#
`'''...''', """..."""`	Python
`[[ ... ]]`	Lua
`{...}`	Rebol
`"...\n" "...\n"`	C
`... "...\n\ \...\n"`	Haskell
`"...", "..."`	Classic REXX
`"...%N% %...%N"`	Eiffel

`show`	Haskell
`to_s, to_str, inspect, String()`	Ruby
`to_string`	merd, Pliant
`tostring`	Lua, YCP
`toString`	Java, JavaScript
`ToString`	C#, F#, Mathematica
`String`	JavaScript
`perl`	Perl6
`Dumper`	Perl
`"" . e`	Perl
`"" ~ e`	Perl6
`"" + e`	E, Java, JavaScript
`string`	Pliant
str, `e`, repr	Python
`out`	Eiffel
`cvs`	PostScript
`'Image`	Ada
`asString`	Io, Smalltalk
`printString`	Smalltalk
`as(<string>, e)`	Dylan
`(string) e`	Pike
`convert(e,string)`	Maple
`(coerce e 'string)`	Common Lisp
`prin1-to-string`	Emacs Lisp
`to string! / to-string / to ""`	Rebol
`description`	Objective-C
`pr1`	Yorick

`export-clixml`	MSH
`serialize`	Io, PHP
`Marshal.to_string`	OCaml
`Marshal.dump`	Ruby
`Data.Binary.encode`	Haskell
`BinaryFormatter.Serialize`	F#
`storeBinaryOn`	Smalltalk
`Storable::store`	Perl
`pickle.dump(4)`	Python
`(with-standard-io-syntax (write obj stream))`	Common Lisp

`import-clixml`	MSH
`unserialize`	PHP
`Marshal.from_string`	OCaml
`Marshal.load`	Ruby
`Data.Binary.decode`	Haskell
`BinaryFormatter.Deserialize`	F#
`readBinaryFrom`	Smalltalk
`pickle.load`	Python
`(with-standard-io-syntax (read obj stream))`	Common Lisp
`Storable::store`	Perl
`doString`	Io

`sprintf`	Awk, C, C++, F#, Maple, Matlab, merd, OCaml, Perl, Perl6, PHP, Pike, Ruby
`printf`	Haskell
`%`	Python, Ruby
`format`	Java, Lua, Tcl
`format(5)`	Common Lisp, Erlang, Scheme-SRFI28
`Format`	C#, F#
`putFormat`	Beta
`stringWithFormat`	Objective-C
`expandMacrosWith(5)`	Smalltalk
`Storable::retrieve`	Perl

`puts`	C, Dylan
`print`	Awk, Basic, Java, Maple, merd, PHP, SML
`write`	JavaScript, Pascal, Pike, Yorick
`putStr`	Haskell
`print_string`	F#, OCaml
`console`	Pliant
`writeln`	JavaScript, Pascal
`write-string`	Common Lisp
`putStrLn`	Haskell
`Put_Line`	Ada
`display`	Cobol
`message`	Emacs Lisp
`put_string`	Eiffel
`show`	Smalltalk
`print_endline(6)`	OCaml
`println(6)`	Java, merd
`put_chars`	Erlang
`echo(7)`	BourneShell, FishShell, PHP
`emit`	Forth
`putText`	Beta
`say`	Classic REXX

`print`	Perl, Perl6
`say(6)`	Perl6
`puts(6)`	Tcl
`puts -nonewline`	Tcl

`print`	Io, Logo, Lua, Ruby
`print(6)`	Dylan, Haskell, Python, Rebol
`Print`	Mathematica
`print e,`	Python
`println(6)`	Io
`prin`	Rebol
`Put`	Ada
`p(6)`	Ruby
`puts(8)`	Ruby
`display`	Scheme
`write`	Common Lisp, Io, Prolog, Scheme
`writeln(6)`	Io
`print`	Common Lisp
`printOn`	Smalltalk
`princ prin1`	Common Lisp, Emacs Lisp
`print_any`	F#
`WriteLine`	C#, F#
`nothing - just remove ";" at the end of the expression, and it will print it`	Matlab
`disp`	Matlab

`printf`	Awk, C, C++, F#, Haskell, KornShell, Maple, Matlab, merd, OCaml, Perl, PHP, Ruby
`write`	Pike
`WriteLine`	C#
`putFormat`	Beta
`format(5)`	Common Lisp, Prolog

`eq ne`	Perl, Perl6, Tcl
`strcmp`	C, Matlab
`== !=`	JavaScript, Pike
`== ~=`	Lua
`= \=`	Prolog
`isEqualToString(9)`	Objective-C
`== !=`	Awk, C#, C++, E, Io, merd, Python, Ruby, YCP
`== <>`	Python
`== /=`	Haskell
`== \=`	Oz
`= !=`	BourneShell, FishShell, Maple, XPath
`= /=`	Ada
`= \=`	Classic REXX
`= <>`	Beta, F#, OCaml, Pliant, SML, Visual Basic
`= ~=`	Dylan, Smalltalk
`== \== or = <> \=`	Classic REXX
`=== =!= / == !=(10)`	Mathematica
`== ~=`	Matlab
`equal?`	Ruby, Scheme
`equals`	Java
`equal, equalp`	Common Lisp
`is_equal`	Eiffel
`isEqual`	Objective-C

`length`	Awk, Beta, C++, Common Lisp, Eiffel, F#, Haskell, Java, JavaScript, Maple, Matlab, Objective-C, OCaml, Perl, PostScript, Prolog, Ruby
`LENGTH`	Classic REXX
`'Length`	Ada
`length?`	Rebol
`size`	C++, E, Io, Ruby, Smalltalk, SML, YCP
`Length`	C#, F#, Modula-3, Oz, Pascal
`len`	Pliant, Python, Visual Basic
`strlen`	C, PHP
`string length`	Tcl
`string-length`	Scheme, XPath
`StringLength`	Mathematica
`sizeof`	Pike
`count`	Eiffel, Logo
`bytes chars`	Perl6
`CHARACTER_LENGTH`	SQL92
`atom_length`	Prolog
`wc -c`	FishShell
`#`	Lua

`+`	C#, C++, E, Eiffel, F#, Java, JavaScript, merd, MSH, Pascal, Pike, Pliant, Python, Ruby, YCP
`.`	Perl, PHP
`..`	Io, Lua
`,`	Smalltalk
`~`	Perl6
`&`	Ada, Modula-3, Visual Basic
`^`	F#, OCaml, SML
`_`	MUMPS
`\|\|`	Cecil, Classic REXX, Icon, Maple, PL/I, SQL92
`++`	Haskell
`$a$b`	BourneShell, FishShell, Tcl
`concatenate`	Common Lisp, Dylan
`string-append`	Scheme
`StringJoin`	Mathematica
`cat`	Maple
`Cat`	Modula-3
`strcat`	C
`concat`	XPath
`append`	Beta, Prolog, Rebol
`stringByAppendingString`	Objective-C
	Awk, Classic REXX
`[string1 string2]`	Matlab
`word`	Logo

`*`	Ada, E, Pike, Python, Ruby
`x`	Perl, Perl6
`times`	merd
`repeat`	Pliant
`repeated`	Io
`str_repeat`	PHP
`string repeat`	Tcl
`strrep`	Lua
`repmat`	Matlab
`insert/dup`	Rebol
`COPIES`	Classic REXX
`cat(s$n)`	Maple
`concat $ replicate`	Haskell

`upcase / downcase`	Emacs Lisp, Ruby
`uc / lc`	Perl, Perl6
`upper / lower(11)`	Lua, Matlab, Pliant, Python
`toUpper / toLower`	Haskell
`to_upper / to_lower`	Eiffel
`To_Upper / To_Lower`	Ada
`toUpperCase / toLowerCase`	E, Java, JavaScript
`upper_case / lower_case`	Pike
`uppercase / lowercase`	F#, Logo, OCaml
`strupper / strlower`	Lua
`ToUpper / ToLower`	C#, F#, Oz
`toupper / tolower`	Awk, C, C++
`string toupper / string tolower`	Tcl
`asLowercase / asUppercase`	Io, Smalltalk
`upCase / lowCase`	Beta
`uppercase form / lowercase form`	Rebol
`char-upcase / char-downcase`	Common Lisp, Scheme
`char_type(C_, to_upper(C)), char_type(C_, to_lower(C))`	Prolog

`upcase / downcase`	Emacs Lisp, Ruby
`upper / lower`	Matlab, SQL92
`upper / lower / capitalize`	Python
`uppercase/lowercase`	F#, Logo, OCaml, Rebol
`upcase_atom/downcase_atom`	Prolog
`toUpperCase / toLowerCase`	E, Java, JavaScript
`ToUpperCase / ToLowerCase`	Mathematica
`ToUpper / ToLower`	C#, F#
`to_upper / to_lower`	Ada, Eiffel
`toupper / tolower`	Awk, YCP
`uc / lc`	Perl, Perl6
`UpperCase / LowerCase`	Pascal
`StringTools[UpperCase] / StringTools[LowerCase] / StringTools[Capitalize]`	Maple
`uppercaseString / lowercaseString / capitalizedString`	Objective-C
`UCase / LCase`	Visual Basic
`strtoupper / strtolower`	PHP, Yorick
`strupper / strlower`	Lua
`string toupper / string tolower / string totitle`	Tcl
`string-upcase / string-downcase`	Common Lisp, Scheme
`asLowercase / asUppercase / asUppercaseFirst`	Smalltalk
`asLowercase / asUppercase / makeFirstCharacterUppercase`	Io
`upcase_atom / downcase_atom`	Prolog
`makeLC / makeUC`	Beta
`parse upper var in_var out_var / parse lower var in_var out_var`	Classic REXX

`chr`	F#, Haskell, OCaml, Pascal, Perl, Perl6, PHP, Python, Ruby, SML
`chr$`	Visual Basic
`char`	Matlab
`format %c $c`	Tcl
`toChar`	E
`strchar`	Lua
`from_integer`	Eiffel
`fromCharCode`	JavaScript
`FromCharacterCode`	Mathematica
`character`	Pliant
`Character value: c`	Smalltalk
`asCharacter`	Io
`code-char`	Common Lisp
`integer->char`	Scheme
`'Val`	Ada
`(char) c`	C, C#, C++, Java
`to char! / to-char`	Rebol
`X2C, D2C`	Classic REXX
`$CHAR(s)`	MUMPS
`char_code`	Prolog
`ascii`	Logo
`StringTools[Char]`	Maple

`ord`	F#, Haskell, Pascal, Perl, Perl6, PHP, Python, SML
`asc`	Visual Basic
`getNumericValue`	Java
`charCodeAt`	JavaScript
`asciiValue`	Smalltalk
`code`	Eiffel, OCaml
`char-code`	Common Lisp
`char->integer`	Scheme
`s[0]`	Ruby
`s 0 get`	PostScript
`s at(0)`	Io
`scan $s %c`	Tcl
`strbyte`	Lua
`toInteger`	E
`'Pos`	Ada
`number`	Pliant
`(int) c`	C, C#, C++, Java
`to integer! / to-integer`	Rebol
`ToCharacterCode`	Mathematica
`C2X, C2D`	Classic REXX
`$ASCII(s)`	MUMPS
`(done automatically when applying mathematical operations on char, such as +)`	Matlab
`char`	Logo
`char_code`	Prolog
`StringTools[Ord]`	Maple

`s[n]`	C, C#, C++, E, Maple, PHP, Pike, Python, Ruby
`s(n)`	Ada, Matlab
`s:n`	Pliant
`s.[n]`	F#, OCaml
`s !! n`	Haskell
`s @ n`	Eiffel
`s/:n`	Rebol
`string index s n`	Tcl
`sub`	SML
`char, aref, schar, svref`	Common Lisp
`GetChar`	Modula-3
`s at(n)`	Io
`at(12)`	C++, Smalltalk
`aref`	Common Lisp
`char(s, i)`	B
`charAt`	Java, JavaScript
`characterAtIndex`	Objective-C
`n -> s.inxGet`	Beta
`string-ref`	Scheme
`StringTake[s, {n}]`	Mathematica
`$EXTRACT(s, n)`	MUMPS
`item`	Logo

`s[n..m]`	Maple, Pike, Ruby
`s.[n..m]`	F#
`s(n..m)`	Ada
`s(n:m)`	Matlab
`s(n,m+1)`	E
`s[n:m+1]`	Python
`s[n,len]`	Ruby
`s n len`	Pliant
`strndup(s + n, len)`	C
`substring`	Eiffel, Java, Scheme, SML, XPath, YCP
`Substring`	C#
`substr`	C++, Perl, Perl6, PHP
`SUBSTR`	Classic REXX
`sub`	F#, Lua, OCaml
`SUB`	Modula-3
`subseq`	Common Lisp
`slice`	Io, JavaScript
`mid$`	JavaScript
`string range`	Tcl
`StringTake[s, {n, m}]`	Mathematica
`strpart(s, n, m)`	Yorick
`copy/part at s n len`	Rebol
`copy/part at s n at s m`	Rebol
`s copyFrom: n to: m`	Smalltalk
`(n,m)->s.sub`	Beta
`[s substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(n, len)]`	Objective-C
`SUBSTRING(s FROM n len)`	SQL92
`$EXTRACT(s, n, m)`	MUMPS
`sub_string / sub_atom`	Prolog
`(take len . drop n) s`	Haskell

`index`	Ada, Perl, Perl6, Python, Ruby
`indexOf`	Java, JavaScript
`IndexOf`	C#, F#
`indexOfString`	Smalltalk
`startOf`	E
`search`	Common Lisp, Pike, PostScript
`StringTools[Search]`	Maple
`StringPosition`	Mathematica
`strstr strchr`	C
`find`	C++, Logo, Lua, Python, Rebol, YCP
`findSeq`	Io
`findSubstring`	Haskell
`strfind`	Matlab, Yorick
`$FIND`	MUMPS
`index_non_blank / find_token`	Ada
`substring_index`	Eiffel
`rangeOfString`	Objective-C
`POS`	Classic REXX
`POSITION(needle IN s)`	SQL92
`sub_string / sub_atom`	Prolog
`string first`	Tcl

`rindex`	OCaml, Perl, Perl6, Python, Ruby
`rfind`	C++, Python
`find/last`	Rebol
`strrchr`	C
`index(Going => Backward)`	Ada
`lastStartOf`	E
`lastIndexOf`	Java, JavaScript
`last_index_of(13)`	Eiffel
`LastIndexOf`	C#, F#
`lastIndexOfString`	Smalltalk
`string last`	Tcl
`(search substring string :from-end t)`	Common Lisp
`[string rangeOfString:substring options:NSBackwardsSearch]`	Objective-C
`LASTPOS`	Classic REXX
`t=strfind(s,p), t(end)`	Matlab
`StringTools[SearchAll](s,p)[-1]`	Maple